Ngorongoro Crater: A Natural Wonder of Ancient Origins

Geological evidence shows that the once-towering volcanic cone collapsed inward thousands of years ago, creating what we now recognize as a caldera. The name Ngorongoro is derived from the Maasai expression “orgirra le kkorongorro,” meaning “the Big Bowl.” Early explorers misinterpreted and simplified the original Maasai term, leading to the modern name Ngorongoro, now associated with this grand crater and its dramatic formation.

The Ngorongoro Crater is the largest unbroken volcanic caldera in the world. This enormous natural amphitheater covers roughly 265 square kilometers, with crater walls rising up to 600 meters high. Around 30,000 animals are estimated to live in or around the crater at any given time. Standing on the rim, which reaches over 2,200 meters above sea level, visitors often observe clouds shrouding the rocky edges and can see tiny wildlife shapes moving across the crater floor far below. It is one of the few places in Tanzania where temperatures can become quite cool, especially at night.

The crater floor features a mosaic of diverse habitats, including open grasslands, wooded areas, swamps, and Lake Makat (meaning “salt” in Maasai), a soda lake fed by the Munge River. These varied environments draw animals to feed, drink, graze, hide, and hunt. Although wildlife is free to move in and out of the crater, the fertile volcanic soils, steady supply of water, and sheltered conditions encourage both predators and grazers to remain throughout the year.

Wildlife of Ngorongoro Crater

Ngorongoro is one of the best places in Tanzania to see the critically endangered Black Rhino, which continues to breed here under strong protection. The crater also offers excellent chances of spotting leopards, black-maned lions, elephants, buffalo, and large populations of gazelles and other herbivores. Flamingos are often found at Lake Magadi, attracted by its mineral-rich waters.